Erik Eriksons Theories of Psychosocial Development...

Erik Erikson’s theories of development are among some of the best-known theories regarding aging and developing. Erikson divided the stages of life into eight categories: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. Each stage offers its unique age frame and focus. Trust vs. mistrust happens between birth and 18 months of age. During this time, babies are beginning to learn who they can trust and who they can’t trust. This is the most fundamental stage of development because it determines if the child grows up believing the world is secure or if the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. It†¦show more content†¦Successfully completing this stage will lead to a filling of competence according to Erikson. Identity vs. confusion is from age eleven to nineteen. During this stage teens are ultimately exploring themselves. They are focusing on their self independence and who they are/want to be in the world. Success in this stage leads to self confidence and a feeling of independence and control. Failure will result in insecurities and confused and anxious feelings of the future. I can most closely relate to this stage in life. It was the longest stage I can remember going through. I first embarked on the journey of self discovery i n the 6th grade and finally found who I want to be just last year. However, I did not have the confidence to express my desire and beliefs until just recently. My parents were very supportive in my journey and I know have a sense of confidence in myself and what my future holds. I personally think this is the hardest stage for young people to go through only because they will be judged and may be stopped during the process. Stage six is intimacy vs. isolation. This stage occurs in early adulthood and is vital in the ability to develop close and committed relationships. I personally feel stage five places a huge role in the success of stage six. Generativity vs. stagnation occurs between ages forty and sixty-five. During this stage adultsShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. Erik Erickson’S Interest In How One’S Environment1646 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Erik Erickson’s interest in how one’s environment and social interaction drives human behavior and the development of personality, led him to create the psychosocial theory, â€Å"Eight Stages of Man.† Erikson’s final four stages of psychosocial development describes a person’s development from adolescence to late adulthood. This paper will analyze the final four stages of development, which includes: Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, and Late Adulthood. However, one of theRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Development1320 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was the most remarkable theorist in human development. He described eight stages of development, each exemplifying a challenging developmental crisis. Though the first few stages were built on Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, Erikson furthered his theory into the adult stages of life (Berger, 2014). Erikson’s major focus in theory was about identity, mostly in the adolescence period but also in childhood and adulthood. He was the first to explore how the society relatesRead Moresex older people1353 Words   |  6 Pagesto start at the age of 65 and continue through 85 until death. According to Erik Erikson’s 8 stage of psychosocial development, this is the final stage of an individual, the integrity vs. despair stage. During this stage of maturity in late adulthood, they begin to reflect on their life lived; if they feel that they made a contribution to life and feel fulfilled, they accept themselves and accept death as a reality. Erik Erikson â€Å"believed if we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about ourRead MorePsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis1998 Words   |  8 PagesPsychosocial Development Case Study Analysis Darryl Albarado Survey of Research in Human Development for Professional Counselors The theory of psychosocial development created by Erik Erikson is perhaps one of the best known personality theories. The theory differs from many others in that it addresses development across the entire lifespan, from birth through death. At each stage, the individual deals with a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. When the conflict is resolvedRead MoreThe Psychosexual Stages Of Childhood Development1108 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud’s research of childhood development is composed of five stages, (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital), if one of these issues is not resolved then fixation can occur where the child will stay in the stage throughout adulthood. For instance, if a child becomes fixated on the oral stage then they will be dependent on external things such as smoking, and drinking. Another Psychologist to consider is Erik Erickson whose developmental theory is eight stages, (Trust Vs. Mistrust, AutonomyRead MoreEarly and Middle Adulthood1210 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowth with fear or trepidation. We mourn the loss of our â€Å"youth† rather than embrace the new changes we are heading toward. These changes we will experience are vast and necessary for each stage of development. As we grow become adults we will experience a variety of psychological changes as we adjust to aging and any changes that will happen to our lifestyle. These changes should not be feared, they simply mark the growth and experience that we will go through. During early and middle adulthood theseRead MoreChildren Of Foster Care Programs2168 Words   |  9 Pagestheir own and are no longer cared for by the government, this is known as aging out of foster care. Most people are aware of foster care programs but most are not aware of the difficulties and challenges that these teens face when trying to support themselves. Numerous studies have already been conducted on this specific topic but this research is being conducted on the assumption that it will provide a better understanding of aging out of foster care and the difficulties that a teen come face to faceRead MoreErikson Theory2711 Words   |  11 PagesErikson’s psychosocial stages of development Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, 0 to 1 year) * Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust * Virtue: Hope The first stage of Erik Eriksons theory centers on the infants basic needs being met by the parents. The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for food, sustenance, and comfort. The childs relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the parents expose the childRead MorePersonality Development4478 Words   |  18 PagesThe development of the beliefs, moods, and behaviors that differentiate among people. The concept of personality refers to the profile of stable beliefs, moods, and behaviors that differentiate among children (and adults) who live in a particular society. The profiles that differentiate children across cultures of different historical times will not be the same because the most adaptive profiles vary with the values of the society and the historical era. An essay on personality development writtenRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 PagesCHAPTER 9 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Hope Haslam Straughan Within the social work profession, there is a growing movement affirming that spirituality and religious beliefs are integral to the nature of the person and have a vital influence on human behavior (Hugen, 1998). Canda (1988) identifies spirituality as a basic aspect of human experience, both within and outside the context of religious institutions. If a social worker is going to approach a person in a holistic manner, he or she must be willing

Knowledge and bias Free Essays

Today in history and science there is a lot of different bias that can be seen through everyday life. The question that I am trying to answer is if we can obtain knowledge despite bias and selection in history and science. There are three mall types of bias that we can see In today’s world, firstly there Is cultural bias which has to do with blabs relating to culture, religion and personal practices and then there Is confirmation bias which is when someone is trying to prove a point and ignores all evidence which old contradict him. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge and bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both these types of bias can be found in history, however also in science there is the second type of bias when a scientist has an hypothesis and does experiments, selecting data which proves his idea. Despite what people say about selection, it is proven that selection helps us cut down all the knowledge that we obtained, otherwise there would be too much to analyze and Interpret at the same time. If all the huge amounts of knowledge were to be used there would be too much and it would defer us from the truth. Body: Both history and science since the beginning of time have contributed to help us a lot to develop both socially, economically and politically. History has taught us about the past and what must not be repeated in the future. Science on the other hand has managed to explain the way the world works and show us new technologies that have helped us for many years. However in both Science and history there will still always be someone that will contradict another person’s point of view. It is for these many reasons that bias and selection are constantly present in our world today. In story there Is bias through deferent interpretations of documents and sources and In Science there Is selection when a scientist follows one specific method and doesn’t History today, as I said before, is often based on cultural bias which can mostly be seen through political, religious and moral views that may contradict each other. When Historians write new interpretations on history they do not all have the same cultural background or the same sources, so in general they all have different points of views that will obviously not be agreed on. In science we may question some experiments as we do not know if the scientist used the best possible method nor do we know if he used the best materials and variables to conduct his experiment and find the best possible result in the end. History is the study of evidence we have of the past and it is based on human affairs. However history has always been passed on from generation to generation by documents and recording. But when we think about this idea we may feel that the information that is passed from generation to generation cannot be totally reliable as we do not know for certain if the truth is ally stated in the documents or if the person who wrote the account Just wanted to censor the information to hide personal facts about certain events. History without bias and selection is hard to find as sources are already based on a certain point of view and we can only observe what that particular person believes. It is for this reason that so many books have been written in history as if there was no bias or selection we could Just write one big book with the same point of view. The bias in history can be double because we have the point of view of the witness and then the as of the historian. The worst about this idea is that it can really distort the facts so that we don’t know what to believe. When referring to selection in history, it all depends on the historians analyzing different sources, he may have national or cultural bias that influenced his understanding. Some historians might believe one point of view whereas another one may believe the opposite. Selection is history is inevitable and a lot depends on what the historian has learnt in his life before he chooses the best possible sources. As for example if a historian learnt since the ginning of his life that communism was the best economic system, he will base his knowledge on what he has known for his whole life and be very critical of capitalism. How can we trust sources that we are not sure they are giving us real facts? In history there have always been hidden documents and hidden agendas in order to keep a country under control. On the other hand there is an argument that states that knowledge in history can be obtain despite bias and selection because history is about people and so if we know about their point of view, we know more about why wings happened and hoe people felt at that time. This is important but we have to be careful and try our best to find sources that show both sides of the information researched, it also important to know the cultural bias of a historian before we believe totally what he says. If we look at science today it has helped us a lot in the world as it has developed technology which has made our lives a lot easier. When referring to selection in science we notice that each time a new experiment is conducted the results may change a little. It is for that reason that scientist use specific methods, variables and materials in order to get almost the same results each time. It is in this idea that we see selection as scientists are forced to choose specific methods, variables and materials. But how can the scientist know that the methods he is using are the most efficient ones? In science topic bias can be seen as money from research. For example in Science the holes in the ozone layer have been a trend for many years in which scientists have told the people of the world to use more renewable energy. But how can we be sure that using renewable energy will really help us? Science is constantly changing due to new technologies that make experiments less selective and give a less biased point of view. It is in this idea that we can say that technology is the key to developing science and being more sure of the knowledge we get from it. For example a scientist from European background may have different interpretations of results in comparison with the scientist from Saudi Arabia due to their religious beliefs and cultural background. Conclusion: In conclusion I believe that science and history are both very important in human development and I believe that even with bias and selection we are able to attain knowledge.. I believe that in history bias and selection cannot be ignored, and that they are a very important part of understanding the human and emotional side of what happened. However in science bias and selection will decrease when more technologies are developed in order to decrease this bias and selection, which will let scientists, conduct their experiments, and repeat them systematically to show they are free of bias. How to cite Knowledge and bias, Papers

The film American Beauty Essay Example For Students

The film American Beauty Essay The film American Beauty adopts many negative attitudes of the American society it depicts. These attitudes explore the nature of imprisonment, true beauty and materialism. Sam Mendes invites the viewer to look closer into the film by reflecting on these attitudes through a variety of techniques, which captivate the audience creating a masterpiece film. A major attitude portrayed throughout the film is explored through imprisonment. Mendes explores imprisonment in the sense of a negative invisible constriction created by societal values and expectations, which blinds people from the important values in life. This is displayed through Lestors imprisonment and his eventual escape from confinement, in a rights of passage journey. Throughout the film Lestor is subconsciously trapped behind jail cells which Mendes displays through setting, film techniques, and symbolism. In the beginning of the film we can see the various jail cells Lestor is subject to. Firstly, in the shower scene we see Lestor trapped behind glass walls. This symbolic glass wall is again used by Mendes in the following scene where Lestor is again trapped behind the glass windows in the house, a boundary which is caused by the nature of his materialistic wife Carolyn. In the next scene we again see Lestor in another jail cell while he is sleeping in the car. He is unaware he is in the car or jail cell as he is sleeping, while we see, through a low angle perspective shot, the outside world through the car window. This is the world that Lestor has lost touch with. We again see the director deliberately use Lestors computer screen as another jail cell, with numbers written in a column format. This scene also supports the cell symbol as a sticker on Lestors bored says Look Closer, which is an ironical statement which is directed to the viewers. We see the director continually employing this symbolic technique of jail cells to examine Lestors imprisonment from realization of true happiness, through the various cell settings. The confusion and dissolution of Beauty is another negative attitude of the depicted American society. Through the video lens of Ricky Fitts the director explores as a filter to depict the nature of True Beauty in contrast to the false and blurred vision of beauty in the eyes of society. We see the director, in the scene with Angela and Jane in Janes room, reflect on this contradiction of beauty. This scene is a microcosm of the film itself as Ricky zooms past Angela, who we think and also society depicts as being beautiful and sexy, into the reflection of Janes face in the glass mirror, who is infidently embodying a rarer beautiful and interest. This is again another jail cell symbolic in the mirror as Jane is trapped in the perception of True beauty, ironically the viewer is also confused why Ricky is more interested in Jane. Here we see the director use the film technique of the video camera lens to view Jane and the sutle symbolic techniques used. This perception of True Beauty is again explored through Rickys video camera in the scene of filming a dead bird. When Ricky states he is filming the dead bird and Angela asks Why? He responds Because its beautiful. Through the video camera technique we again see the director depict True beauty as something in its natural form, not influenced by external factors. The video camera then zooms past Angela again focusing on Jane. This film technique is repeated from early in the film as Ricky is again only interested in Janes natural truly beautiful appearance and interesting image. .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .postImageUrl , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:visited , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:active { border:0!important; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:active , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - The Wizard of Oz EssayWe again see conflicting attitude of True beauty through the plastic bag video recording from Ricky. In this scene the constant panning of the video recording displays a wind caring circular movements around dead leaves, sometimes whipping it about violently, or without warning, sending it soaring skyward, floating gracefully down to the ground. This fine piece of filming explores an exquisite natural beauty as if the bag is dancing with joy in the wind, with the dead leaves almost depicting foot soldiers dancing around the bag. This Beauty would be regularly disregarded in a negative attitude among the depicted society, as a simply plastic bag blowing in the wind. Mendes uses film techniques such as the unpredictable panning on the plastic bag. Mendes again uses symbolism in the form of rose petals to roses to symbolize true beauty in scenes where it is present, but in contrast he also uses roses in scenes where true beauty does not exist, and is yearning to. For example in Lestors frequent fantasies of Angela rose petals are always present. Lestor sees Angela as beautiful through the perception of societal views. However at the end of the film Lestors perception of Angelas Beauty changes as she mentions she is a virgin. Therefore, Angela ironically possesses an innocent natural Beauty which Lestor comes to understand. On the other hand, roses surround Lestors house. This setting of roses, in this sense are symbolic as the house is a simple material object one of societal expectations, yet the house and its inhabitants possess an artificial beauty which yearns True beauty. Mendes uses symbolism and setting to explore the attitude of beauty in this context. The pessimistic nature of materialism in the depicted society of the film is also explored by Mendes using a variety of techniques. Techniques such as setting and symbolism are used to portray and illustrate the underlying motifs. The film adopts a negative attitude to materialism as it blinds people from the more important goals and values in life, instead seeking unlimited material satisfaction in fabric possessions. The film denounces the hypocrisy of a society obsessed with outer appearance of success, thus avoiding in the film we see certain scenes where material natures override fundamentally values in life. Firstly, in the dinner scene where Carolyn has the dinner table perfectively set in symmetrical precision in the long shot of the room. This material environment is ironic as the real emotions are tense and aggressive which is contradicted by Bobby Darren music in the background. Therefore, the material set up and music is unnecessary as the fundamental values of a happy family dinner are not present. This setting created by the Director is a very effective technique in displaying the contradictory atmosphere created in the dining room. The main negative attitude portrayed throughout the film is essentially the American Dream. The Burnham family has achieved on its own the possessions of a big house in the suburbs, furniture, money, beautiful gardens and cars, yet it is all an illusion. Through the journeys of the characters, we see that none are happy and the family explodes in overbearing tensions and frustration. In the journey for apparent fortune all personal passion and goals were sacrificed to a point where living had been forgotten. Ironically, the characters stranger to society are the ones who find happiness and True beauty. This is seen with Jane and Ricky as they see beauty through the filter of the video camera lens and also the gay neighbors who seem relatively happy and successful. This motif of the pursuit of happiness is thoroughly explored and played upon by Mendes using many symbols such as roses, jail cells, and water. In conclusion, the film criticizes the negative attitudes of imprisonment, true beauty and materialism. The director uses a variety of techniques such as symbolism, setting, film techniques and motives which effectively reflect the portrayed attitudes in the film.